The effect of telemedicine on stoma-related complications in adults with enterostomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To assess the effect of telemedicine on stoma-related complications in adults with enterostomy, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of the telemedicine group compared to the usual group. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang and VIP databases from their inception up to October 2023. Two authors independently screened and extracted data from the included and excluded literature according to predetermined criteria. Data collected were subjected to meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.3 software. The final analysis included a total of 22 articles, encompassing 2237 patients (telemedicine group: 1125 patients, usual group: 1112 patients). The meta-analysis results demonstrated that, compared to the usual group, the telemedicine group significantly reduced the overall occurrence of stoma-related complications, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.22 (95% CI = 0.15-0.32, p < 0.00001). Furthermore, it resulted in a decrease in stoma complications (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.15-0.47, p < 0.00001) and peristomal complications (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.19-0.34, p < 0.00001). Therefore, the existing evidence suggests that the application of telemedicine can reduce the incidence of stoma and peristomal complications, making it a valuable clinical recommendation.

Portable and Recyclable Luminescent Lanthanide Coordination Polymer Film Sensors for Adenosine Triphosphate in Urine.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a small molecule that is released to the urine from bladder urothelial cells and the bladder mucosal band of the human body. In certain cases, ATP can serve as a biomarker in bladder disease. For the practical applicability of luminescent sensors for ATP in urine, it is significant to find a new strategy for making the detection progress simple and available for in-field urine analysis. Here, a novel luminescent lanthanide coordination polymer (Tb-BPA) was designed and synthesized for quick and sensitive detection of ATP through luminescence quenching with a quenching constant of 4.90 × 103 M-1 and a detection limit of 0.55 × 10-6 M. Besides, Tb-BPA has excellent anti-interference ability and can detect ATP in simulated urine with a small relative standard deviation (<4%). Moreover, the luminescent polyacrylonitrile nanofiber films modified by Tb-BPA were prepared by electrospinning and were used for ATP visual detection. Notably, this film is easy to recover and reuse, and maintains good detection performance after at least 7 cycles.

Recent advances in small-molecule inhibitors targeting influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase / 药学学报

Influenza virus causes serious threat to human life and health. Due to the inherent high variability of influenza virus, clinically resistant mutant strains of currently approved anti-influenza virus drugs have emerged. Therefore, it is urgent to develop antiviral drugs with new targets or mechanisms of action. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is directly responsible for viral RNA transcription and replication, and plays key roles in the viral life cycle, which is considered an important target of anti-influenza drug design. From the point of view of medicinal chemistry, this review summarizes current advances in diverse small-molecule inhibitors targeting influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, hoping to provide valuable reference for development of novel antiviral drugs.

Establishment and validation of bioactivity measurement method for recombinant human midkine / 药学学报

To establish and optimize a method for the detection of recombinant human midkine (rhMK) activity and verify its methodology, cell counting kit-8 (cck-8) method was used to measure the proliferation activity of rat knee chondrocytes. The specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity and robustness of the method were also verified in this study. The established method was proven to have good specificity because the buffer of rhMK and recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist have no obvious active effect; the recoveries of the samples with relative activities of 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150% were in the range of 80.0% to 124.0% by statistical analysis, the relative standard deviations (RSD) of relative potency were all within 20%, the linear correlation coefficient, R2 ≥ 0.98, suggesting that the accuracy, precision and linearity of the method were good; the robustness correlation coefficient, R2 ≥ 0.92 and the ratio of maximum to minimum of sigmoidal dose-response were no less than 1.5, indicating that robustness of the methods was good. In conclusion, a bioactivity measurement method for rhMK was established and fully validated in this study and it provides a reliable method for the bioactivity analysis of rhMK routine samples during the development. This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc. (approval number: 2019-0008-06).

Torsional Behavior of Concrete-Filled Circular Steel Tubes Strengthened with CFRP.

In order to study the torsional performance of steel tube concrete after reinforcement with a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), the mechanical properties of 18 specimens were studied from both experimental and finite element perspectives. The T-θ curve and τ-γ curve of the specimen were measured in the experiment, and the failure mode of the specimen was analyzed. Subsequently, a reasonable finite element model was established using ABAQUS software, and the variation in various parameters surrounding the performance of the specimen was analyzed. Based on the experimental and finite element results, a formula for calculating the bearing capacity of the specimen was established. According to both the experimental and numerical results, the torsional bearing capacity of C-CF-CFRP-ST, defined as the torque endured by the specimen with maximum shear strain, was determined to be 15,000 µÎµ, together with its corresponding calculation formula. After the test, it was demonstrated that the main components of the concrete-filled CFRP-steel tube composite material-the steel tube and the concrete-could be used as reusable resources.

Corrigendum: Characteristics and influencing factors of 11C-CFT PET imaging in patients with early and late onset Parkinson's disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1195577.].

Advances in long non-coding RNA regulating drug resistance of cancer.

Drug resistance is one of the main challenges in cancer treatment. Long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a complex and precise regulatory role in regulating drug resistance of cancer. The common ways of lncRNA regulating drug resistance of cancer involve ATP binding transporter overexpression, abnormal DNA damage response, tumor cell apoptosis, accumulation of epithelial mesenchymal transformation and cancer stem cell formation. Moreover, studies on exosomal lncRNAs regulating cancer drug resistance are developed in recent years. Further study on the role and mechanism of lncRNAs drug resistance in cancer will help clinical cancer treatment program and explore new treatment methods. This paper reviews recent advances in lncRNAs regulating drug resistance of cancer, especially the role of exosomal lncRNAs.

Qinghua decoction improves chronic nonbacterial prostatitis possibly regulating the chromogranin A/nerve growth factor/tyrosine kinase A signaling pathway mediated by inflammatory factors.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism by which Qinghua decoction regulates neuroendocrine inflammation in chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) model rats and provide an experimental basis for clinical treatment. METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal control, model, Qianlie Tongyu capsule, low-dose Qinghua decoction, medium-dose Qinghua decoction, and high-dose Qinghua decoction group with six rats in each group. Rats in each group were sacrificed on the 29th day of treatment, and blood and prostate tissues were collected. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins 1-beta, 6, 8, and 10 (TNF-α and IL-1ß, -6, -8, and -10, respectively) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pathological changes in the rat prostate tissue in each group were observed under a light microscope. The expression levels of chromogranin A (CgA), nerve growth factor (NGF), and tyrosine kinase A (TrkA) were detected using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression of CgA, NGF, and TrkA. RESULTS: In the model group, the prostate capsule membrane and stroma were significantly dilated with more inflammatory cells infiltrating the stroma and perivessels. TNF-α, IL-1ß, -6, and -8, CgA, NGF, and TrkA levels increased, whereas the content of IL-10 decreased, which was statistically significant compared to that in the normal control group ( < 0.05). Prostate tissue cells in the high-dose group were neatly arranged with no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. When compared with the model group, the high-dose Qinghua decoction group showed a significant improvement in these indices ( < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Qinghua decoction led to inhibition of pathological changes in the prostate tissue of rats with CNP, regulation of inflammatory cytokine expression, and inhibition in the expression of CgA, NGF, and TrkA. This mechanism may be primarily related to regulation of the CgA/NGF/TrkA signaling pathway mediated by various inflammatory factors.

Characteristics and influencing factors of 11C-CFT PET imaging in patients with early and late onset Parkinson's disease.

Objective: This study aims to explore the difference between 11C-methyl-N-2ß-carbomethoxy-3ß-(4-fluorophenyl)-tropanel (11C-CFT) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) and late-onset Parkinson's disease (LOPD), and to analyze the correlation between 11C-CFT PET imaging and disease duration, Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) stage, motor symptoms, and non-motor symptoms in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), so as to explore its application value in assessing the severity of Parkinson's disease. Materials and methods: A total of 113 patients with idiopathic PD were included in this study. The patients were divided into EOPD and LOPD groups according to the age of 60 years, of which 58 were early-onset and 55 were late-onset. All patients underwent 11C-CFT PET imaging and manually sketched regions of interest (ROI) to delineate the caudate nucleus, anterior putamen, and posterior putamen ROI layer-by-layer, and the corresponding values were recorded. Clinical data [age of onset, disease duration, H&Y stage, total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score, UPDRS III score, tremor score, postural instability/gait difficulty (PIGD) score, rigidity score, bradykinesia score, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score] were collected from all patients. The differences in striatal 11C-CFT uptake between patients with EOPD and LOPD were compared, and the correlation between striatal 11C-CFT uptake and the clinical data of patients with idiopathic PD was evaluated. Results: The caudate nucleus 11C-CFT uptake was higher in EOPD than in the LOPD group (t = 3.002, p = 0.003). 11C-CFT uptake in the caudate nucleus in patients with PD was negatively correlated with the age of onset, H&Y stage, disease duration, total UPDRS score, UPDRS III score, rigidity score, and bradykinesia score (p < 0.05). The anterior and posterior putamen 11C-CFT uptake was negatively correlated with H&Y stage, disease duration, total UPDRS score, UPDRS III score, PIGD score, rigidity score, and bradykinesia score (p < 0.05). Conclusion: 11C-CFT PET provides an objective molecular imaging basis for the difference in disease progression rates between patients with EOPD and LOPD. Secondly, 11C-CFT PET can be used as an important objective indicator to assess disease severity and monitor disease progression.

Correlation analysis between 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and cognitive function in first diagnosed Parkinson's disease patients.

Objective: Evaluation of the correlation between 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and cognitive function in first-diagnosed and untreated Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Materials and method: This cross-sectional study included 84 first diagnosed and untreated PD patients. The individuals were diagnosed by movement disorder experts based on the 2015 MDS Parkinson's disease diagnostic criteria. The patients also underwent 18F-FDG PET scans and clinical feature assessments including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. Glucose metabolism rates were measured in 26 brain regions using region of interest (ROI) and pixel-wise analyses with displayed Z scores. The cognitive function was assessed by professionals using the MoCA scale, which covers five cognitive domains. Spearman's linear correlation and linear regression models were used to compare the correlations between 18F-FDG metabolism in each brain region and cognitive domain, using SPSS 25.0 software. Result: The results indicated a positive correlation between executive function and glucose metabolism in the lateral prefrontal cortex of the left hemisphere (p = 0.041). Additionally, a positive correlation between memory function and glucose metabolism in the right precuneus (p = 0.014), right lateral occipital cortex (p = 0.017), left lateral occipital cortex (p = 0.031), left primary visual cortex (p = 0.008), and right medial temporal cortex (p = 0.046). Further regression analysis showed that for every one-point decrease in the memory score, the glucose metabolism in the right precuneus would decrease by 0.3 (B = 0.30, p = 0.005), the glucose metabolism in the left primary visual cortex would decrease by 0.25 (B = 0.25, p = 0.040), the glucose metabolism in the right lateral occipital cortex would decrease by 0.38 (B = 0.38, p = 0.012), and the glucose metabolism in the left lateral occipital cortex would decrease by 0.32 (B = 0.32, p = 0.045). Conclusion: This study indicated that cognitive impairment in PD patients mainly manifests as changes in executive function, visual-spatial function and memory functions, while glucose metabolism mainly decreases in the frontal and posterior cortex. Further analysis shows that executive function is related to glucose metabolism in the left lateral prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, memory ability involves changes in glucose metabolism in a more extensive brain region. This suggests that cognitive function assessment can indirectly reflect the level of glucose metabolism in the relevant brain regions.

Evaluation of the correlation between sleep quality and work engagement among nurses in Shanghai during the post-epidemic era.

AIM: To examine the status quo and influencing factors of sleep quality and work engagement of nurses participating in COVID-19 during the post-epidemic era and to study the relationship between them. DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional survey and correlational and predictive logic to determine the association between sleep quality and work engagement among nurses in Shanghai during the post-epidemic era. METHODS: This design involved 1060 frontline nurses in Shanghai. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9 scales were used for data collection. RESULTS: This study found that the sleep quality of frontline nurses was impaired and the nurses with poor sleep accounted for 48.20% during the post-epidemic era. The work engagement of frontline nurses was at the medium level. Factors affecting nurses' sleep quality were the number of nurse night shifts, family support and nurse health. The factors affecting the nurse work engagement were monthly income, profession title, family support and self-health status. There was a positive correlation between nurses' sleep quality and work engagement.

Proteomics and transcriptomics profiling reveals distinct aspects of kidney stone related genes in calculi rats.

BACKGROUNDS: Kidney stone also known as urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis, is one of the oldest diseases known to medicine, however, the gene expression changes and related kidney injury remains unclear. METHODS: A calculi rat model was developed via ethylene glycol- and ammonium chloride-induction. Integrated proteomic and transcriptomic analysis was performed to characterize the distinct gene expression profiles in the kidney of calculi rat. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) were sub-clustered into distinct groups according to the consistency of transcriptome and proteome. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment was performed to analyze the functions of each sub-group of DEGs. Immunohistochemistry was performed to validated the expression of identified proteins. RESULTS: Five thousand eight hundred ninety-seven genes were quantified at both transcriptome and proteome levels, and six distinct gene clusters were identified, of which 14 genes were consistently dysregulated. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the calculi rat kidney was increased expression of injured & apoptotic markers and immune-molecules, and decreased expression of solute carriers & transporters and many metabolic related factors. CONCLUSIONS: The present proteotranscriptomic study provided a data resource and new insights for better understanding of the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis, will hopefully facilitate the future development of new strategies for the recurrence prevention and treatment in patients with kidney stone disease.

Effect of Capsaicin Atomization on Cough and Swallowing Function in Patients With Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Patients with hemorrhagic stroke have high mortality and disability rates. Nevertheless, early rehabilitation interventions can improve their outcomes. We aimed to apply capsaicin atomization as early intervention to patients with hemorrhagic stroke and explore improvements in cough and swallowing functions. METHOD: Patients with hemorrhagic stroke were randomly divided into the control group, which received routine care, and the intervention group, which underwent the capsaicin solution nebulization scheme in addition to routine care. Differences in the presence/absence of cough reflex and number of coughs in response to capsaicin, the presence/absence of swallowing reflex in response to water, the presence/absence of postswallow residue, substance P (SP) concentration, and pulmonary inflammation between the two groups were determined before and after the intervention. RESULTS: A total of 53 patients with hemorrhagic stroke were included. Results showed no statistically significant difference in cough reflex in both groups after the intervention (p > .05). The degree of cough in the intervention group was stronger than that in the control group (p = .046). No statistically significant difference was observed in the number of patients with swallowing reflex in response to water between the groups (p > .05). The presence/absence of postswallow residue of the intervention group was stronger than that of the control group (p = .032). No statistically significant difference was observed between the Glasgow Coma Scale scores of the groups after the intervention (p > .05). SP in the intervention group was significantly increased (p = .031). The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score was significantly lower in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p = .028). CONCLUSIONS: Capsaicin nebulization can help enhance the number of coughs in response to capsaicin, reduce postswallow residue, and increase the level of SP in patients with hemorrhagic stroke and has a positive effect on pulmonary inflammation. This study provides intervention points for cough and swallowing rehabilitation after a hemorrhagic stroke. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21956903.

The association of air pollutants with hospital outpatient visits for child and adolescence psychiatry in Shenzhen, China.

BACKGROUND: Although exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with mental disorder, little is known about its potential effects on children and adolescents, especially in Chinese population. We aimed to reveal the relationship of air pollutants with hospital outpatient visits for child and adolescence psychiatry (HOVCAP) in Shenzhen. METHODS: A case-crossover study based on time-series data was applied, and a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to evaluate the non-linear and delayed effects of 4 major air pollutants (NO2, PM2.5, SO2 and O3) on HOVCAP. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to control the multicollinearity between covariates and to filter variables. RESULT: A total of 94,660 cases aged 3-18 were collected from 2014 to 2019 in the Mental Health Center of Shenzhen. Results of pollutants at mode value (M0) showed that in the single lag effect result, when the average daily concentration of NO2 at 24 µg/m3, there was a significant effect on HOVCAP over lag 1, lag 4 and lag 5, respectively. The cumulative RR of NO2 M0 value to the outpatient visits were 1.438 (1.137-1.818) over lag 0-2, 1.454 (1.120-1.887) over lag 0-3, 1.466 (1.084-1.982) over lag 0-4, 1.680 (1.199-2.354) over lag 0-5, 1.993 (1.369-2.903) over lag 0-6, and 2.069 (1.372-3.119) over lag 0-7. However, PM2.5, SO2, O3 were not associated with HOVCAP over neither single lag effects nor cumulative effects. The RR values both shown an increase either when NO2 increases by 10 units or when the maximum concentration of NO2 is reached. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that exposure to the normal air quality of NO2 in Shenzhen may associated with the risk of HOVCAP. However, PM2.5, SO2, O3 were not associated with HOVCAP.

Stepwise recycling of Fe, Cu, Zn and Ni from real electroplating sludge via coupled acidic leaching and hydrothermal and extraction routes.

Fe/S-bearing erdite flocculant has been proven to be effective in the precipitation of heavy metals from real electroplating wastewater, with the only drawback being the huge production of sludge. This sludge was rich in Fe/S/Zn/Cu/Ni and refractory to be recycled due to the extractant pollution by free Fe and the dissolution of sulphide. Herein, a multistep separation method was developed to dissolve sulphide and separate Fe prior to Zn/Cu/Ni. Results showed that more than 92% sludge was dissolved as Fe/Zn/Cu/Ni-rich leachate after the sludge was leached by nitric acid, with the rest of the remaining undissolved elemental sulphurs. When the leachate was directly extracted by using commercially extractant Acorga M5640 and Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204), Fe was complexed by the phosphate group of the extractant. The Fe was effectively removed prior to Zn/Cu/Ni to avoid the extractant pollution. The Fe removal efficiency was only 38.34% without sucrose, but it rose to 99.94% with the addition of 0.5 g sucrose. The added sucrose reacted with nitrate to consume H+, which showed a similar rate to the H+ release from Fe hydrolysis. Thereafter, the Fe hydrolysis was continued to remove, the Fe at a high level. The removed Fe was in the form of high-purified hematite nanorod with a diameter and length of 300-600 nm and 0.5-2.5 µm, respectively. After Fe removal, Cu/Zn/Ni was extracted by using Acorga M5640 and P204 to form three halite, including a mixture of copper sulphate hydrate and bonattite (96.8% CuSO4·H2O/CuSO4·3H2O), gunningite (97.5% ZnSO4·H2O) and dwornikite (97.9% NiSO4·H2O). The rest of the solution was neutralised by lime water to remove sulphate as gypsum (95.9% CaSO4) to meet the discharge standard of the electroplating industry. In summary, the recycling efficiency of Fe/Cu/Zn/Ni from the sludge reached 94.4%, 92.6%, 94.7% and 95.3%, which provided an alternative strategy to resource utilise Fe/S-bearing solid waste.

Pyrometallurgy treatment of electroplating sludge, emulsion mud and coal ash: ZnAlFeO4 spinel separation and stabilization in calcium metasilicate glass.

Electroplating sludge was a hazardous waste comprised of heavy metals and other Fe/Al/Ca/Si impurities, and produced massively in surface treatment industry. In the past, it was commonly purified via hydrometallurgy, chlorination and reduction calcination routes, but also blended as additive in rotary kiln, to stabilize the heavy metals in geopolymer. Herein, an alternative strategy was developed to treat a real electroplating sludge for recycling magnetic Zn-rich spinel and stabilizing Zn in calcium metasilicate glass via a facile pyrometallurgy route with the blending of emulsion mud and coal ash. The sludge contained 35.6% Zn and 0.54% Cr and then was blended with 50% emulsion mud. After calcination at 1200 °C, the product was highly dispersed, whilst octahedral ZnAlFeO4 spinel with Zn content of 40.0% were formed and separated by using magnet, in accordance with the recycling efficiency of 51.2% Zn from the electroplating sludge. But after calcination at 1400 °C, the gypsum in emulsion mud was decomposed as CaO and accelerated the dissolution of Si-bearing substance as calcium metasilicate glass for covering ZnAlFeO4 spinel, resulting in the Zn leaching of 1568 mg/L. By adding 50% Si-rich coal ash in the calcination system, more calcium metasilicate glass were generated, and then the Zn concentration in the toxic leaching test was only 12.09 mg/L. During the calcination, Cr showed similar performance to Al/Fe and involved in the spinel formation. This provided a new route to recycle Zn from Zn-rich electroplating sludge and to solidify heavy metals via calcium metasilicate glass route.

Studies on orally disintegrating tablet of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and caffeine / 药学实践杂志

Objective To optimize the formulation and preparation of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and caffeine orally disintegrating tablet. Methods Melt granulation technology of steric acid and API was used to mask the unpleasant tasting of diphenhydramine hydrochloride. The tablets were prepared by direct pressing the dry powder with CCMC-Na as disintegrating agent. The formulation was optimized by orthogonal experiments to achieve the shortest disintegration time and the best taste correction. Results The optimized formula of orally disintegrating tablet was as follows： diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25 mg, caffeine 60 mg, stearic acid 25 mg, aspatan 40 mg, blueberry essence 7 mg, mannitol 45 mg, MCC 210 mg, CCMC-NA 25 mg, SDS 8 mg and magnesium stearate 5 mg. Conclusion This preparation method for orally disintegrating tablet of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and caffeine is practical and easy for quality control.

Integrated top-down and bottom-up proteomics mass spectrometry for the characterization of endogenous ribosomal protein heterogeneity / 药物分析学报

Ribosomes are abundant,large RNA-protein complexes that are the sites of all protein synthesis in cells.Defects in ribosomal proteins(RPs),including proteoforms arising from genetic variations,alternative splicing of RNA transcripts,post-translational modifications and alterations of protein expression level,have been linked to a diverse range of diseases,including cancer and aging.Comprehensive character-ization of ribosomal proteoforms is challenging but important for the discovery of potential disease biomarkers or protein targets.In the present work,using E.coli 70S RPs as an example,we first developed a top-down proteomics approach on a Waters Synapt G2 Si mass spectrometry(MS)system,and then applied it to the HeLa 80S ribosome.The results were complemented by a bottom-up approach.In total,50 out of 55 RPs were identified using the top-down approach.Among these,more than 30 RPs were found to have their N-terminal methionine removed.Additional modifications such as methylation,acetylation,and hydroxylation were also observed,and the modification sites were identified by bottom-up MS.In a HeLa 80S ribosomal sample,we identified 98 ribosomal proteoforms,among which multiple truncated 80S ribosomal proteoforms were observed,the type of information which is often overlooked by bottom-up experiments.Although their relevance to diseases is not yet known,the integration of top-down and bottom-up proteomics approaches paves the way for the discovery of proteoform-specific disease biomarkers or targets.

Effect of butorphanol on postoperative analgesia in cesarean section / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To evaluate the analgesic effect and adverse reactions of butorphanol after stopping patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) pump in cesarean section.Methods:One hundred and twenty patients with cesarean section in Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from March 20, 2021 to December 8, 2021 were divided into three groups as follows: butorphanol group, diclofenac sodium suppository group and control group and there were 40 patients in each group. The vital signs, analgesic effect and adverse reactions among the three groups were compared. Meantime, the bladder and gastrointestinal function recovery and neonatal jaundice in three groups were also compared.Results:The visual analogue score (VAS) in butorphanol group was significantly lower than that of control group at 3 and 4 h after stopping PCIA pump: (2.16 ± 0.09) scores vs. (2.72 ± 0.25) scores, (2.21 ± 0.10) scores vs. (2.72 ± 0.21) scores, P< 0.05, but there was no significant difference in VAS at 6 and 12 h after stopping PCIA pump. VAS in diclofenac sodium suppository group was significantly lower than that of control group at 3 h after stopping PCIA pump: (2.06 ± 0.10) scores vs. (2.16 ± 0.09) scores, P<0.05, but there was no significant difference in VAS at 4, 6 and 12 h ( P>0.05). The 3 h VAS of butorphanol group was lower than that of diclofenac sodium suppository group, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The VAS of butorphanol group was lower than that of diclofenac sodium suppository group at 4 h after operation: (2.21 ± 0.10) scores vs. (2.56 ± 0.12) scores, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The first time of getting out of bed and urination time in butorphanol group were later than diclofenac sodium suppository group and control group: (28.32 ± 1.36) h vs. (25.94 ± 0.92) h and (24.50 ± 0.64) h, (29.05 ± 1.67) h vs. (26.76 ± 1.05) h and (25.06 ± 0.65) h, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). While the anal exhaust time in diclofenac sodium suppository group was delayed, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The analgesic effect of butorphanol is better than diclofenac sodium suppository after stopping PCIA pump in cesarean section, but nursing care should be strengthened to urge patients to take early activities to reduce the occurrence of urinary retention.

Inhibitory effect of specnuezhenide on high glucose-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cell injury and its mechanism / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of specnuezhenide on high glucose-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) injury and its mechanism.Methods:The hRMECs were divided into a normal control group cultured in a culture medium containing 5.5 mmol/L glucose, a hypertonic group cultured in a culture medium containing 5.5 mmol/L glucose + 24.5 mmol/L mannitol, a high glucose group cultured in a culture medium containing 30 mmol/L glucose, as well as high glucose+ low-, medium-, and high-dose specnuezhenide groups cultured in culture media containing 30 mmol/L glucose + 25, 50, 100 μmol/L specnuezhenide for 24 hours, respectively.In addition, hRMECs were divided into a high glucose+ small interfering RNA-negative control (si-NC) group cultured in a culture medium containing 30 mmol/L glucose, a high glucose+ si-forkhead box O4 (FOXO4) group cultured in a culture medium containing 30 mmol/L glucose, a high glucose+ specnuezhenide+ pcDNA group cultured in a culture medium containing 100 μmol/L specnuezhenide + 30 mmol/L glucose, and a high glucose+ specnuezhenide+ pcDNA-FOXO4 group cultured in a culture medium containing 100 μmol/L specnuezhenide+ 30 mmol/L glucose for 24 hours after transfection by corresponding reagents.Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in cells were detected by the thiobarbituric acid method and xanthine oxidase method, respectively.The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the cell culture supernatant were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The relative expression level of FOXO4 protein in cells was determined by Western blot.Results:The apoptosis rates of normal control group, hypertonic group, high glucose group, high glucose+ low-, medium- and high-dose specnuezhenide groups were (7.32±0.72)%, (7.44±0.70)%, (23.96±1.32)%, (19.84±1.09)%, (14.13±0.85)% and (9.84±0.70)%, respectively.There were significant differences in cell apoptosis rate, MDA concentration, SOD activity, the concentration of IL-1β, the concentration of TNF-α, and the relative expression level of FOXO4 protein among the six groups ( F=498.545, 1 186.693, 516.629, 654.247, 638.238, 472.655; all at P<0.001). Compared with high glucose group, the apoptosis rate, MDA concentration, IL-1β and TNF-α concentration, FOXO4 protein expression level were significantly decreased in high glucose+ low-, medium- and high-dose specnuezhenide groups, and SOD activity was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner.Compared with high glucose+ si-NC group, the expression level of FOXO4 protein, cell apoptosis rate, MDA concentration, IL-1β and TNF-α mass concentrations were decreased in high glucose + si-FOXO4 group, while the SOD activity was increased.Compared with high glucose+ specnuezhenide+ pcDNA group, the apoptosis rate, MDA concentration, IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations, FOXO4 protein expression level of hRMECs in high glucose+ specnuezhenide+ pcDNA-FOXO4 group were significantly increased, and SOD activity was significantly decreased (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:Specnuezhenide can protect hRMECs from high glucose-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response by down-regulating FOXO4.